FACE RECOGNITION RESEARCH PAPERS [ TECHNOLOGY ] [ CONSULTING ]

The term business technology can be termed as the only reason businesses are growing so rapidly . Security online and offline ( physical access ) has become very important. 3d face recognition, biometric face recognition, biometric fingerprint , biometric systems, business technology ,eye retinal recognition, fingerprint technology are some of the security measures taken by businesses. To keep in security the finances and interests of the company she can go to many extents.

Technology consulting and security consultant are of substantial importance. In the fast pace age of information technology security technology and understanding it's systems is very important.

List of Research Papers for Face Recognition from Various source

Review

• A. K. Jain, A. Ross, and S. Prabhakar, "An Introduction to Biometric Recognition," IEEE Trans. on CSVT, Special Issue on Image- and Video- Based Biometrics, August, 2003.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, A. Rosenfeld, and P. J. Phillips,(2000) "Face Recognition: A Literature Survey", UMD CfAR Technical Report CAR-TR948.
• R. Chellappa, C.L. Wilson, and S. Sirohey, “Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 83, pp. 705-741, May 1995.
• M. Yang, D. J. Kriegman, and N. Ahuja, "Detecting Face in Images: A Survey", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 34-58, Jan. 2002.
• E. Hjelmas, "Face Detection: A survey", Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol 83, pp. 236-274, 2001.
• J. Zhang, Y. Yan, and M. Lades, “Face Recognition: Eigenface, Elastic Matching, and Neural Net”, Proceedings of IEEE, Vol. 85, No. 9, pp.1423-1435, Sep. 1997.n
• R. Brunelli and T. Poggio, “Face recognition: features versus templates”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 15, No. 10, pp. 1042-1052, Oct. 1993.

XM2VTS

• Samy Bengio, Johnny Mariéthoz, and S. Marcel, "Evaluation of Biometric Technology on XM2VTS ", IDIAPRR 21, IDIAP, 2001.
• J. Matas, M. Hamouz, K. Jonsson, J. Kittler, C. Kotropoulos, and A. Tefas ,"Comparison of Face Verification Results on the XM2VTS Database", Proceedings of ICPR, 2000.

Feret

• P. J. Phillips, P. Grother, R. J. Micheals, D. M. Blackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone, "Face Recognition Vendor Test: Evaluation Reprot"
• P. J. Phillips, P. Grother, R. J. Micheals, D. M. Blackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone, "Face Recognition Vendor Test: Overview and Summary"
• P. J. Phillips, P. Grother, R. J. Micheals, D. M. Blackburn, E. Tabassi, M. Bone, "Face Recognition Vendor Test: Technical Appdndices"
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, S. A. Rizvi, and P. J. Rauss, "The Feret Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 10, Oct. 2000.
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, and S. A. Rizvi, "The Feret Evaluation Methodology for Face-Recognition Algorithms", Proceedings of Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 137-143, 1997.
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, S. A. Rizvi, and P. J. Rauss, “The FERET Evaluation”, in Face Recognitioin: From Theory to Applications, H. Wechsler, P. J. Phillips, V. Bruce, F.F. Soulie, and T.S. Huang, Eds., Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
• P. J. Phillips, P. J. Rauss, and S. Z. Der, “FERET (Face Recognition Technology) Recognition Algorithm Development and Test Results”, October 1996. Army Research Lab technical report 1995.
• P. J. Phillips, H. Moon, P. J. Rauss, and S. Rizvi, “The FERET Evaluation Methodology for Face Recognition Algorithms”.
• S. Rizvi, P. J. Phillips and H. Moon, “The FERET Verification Testing Protocol for Face Recognition Algorithms”.
• "The Face Recognition Technology (Feret) Database"

Eigenface

• M. Turk, "A Random Walk Through Eigenface", IEICE Trans. INF. & SYST., Vol. E84-D, No. 12, Dec. 2001.
• M. Turk and A. Pentland, "Eigenfaces for recognition", J. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 71-86, 1991.
• M. Turk and A. Pentland, “Face recognition using eigenfaces”, Proceedings of IEEE, CVPR, pp. 586-591, Hawaii, June, 1991.
• I. Craw, N. Costen, T. Kato, and S. Akamatsu, “How Should We Represent Faces for Automatic Recognition?” IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 21, No.8, pp. 725-736, August 1999.
• A. Pentland, B. Moghaddam, T. Starner, “View-based and modular eigenspaces for face recognition”, Proceedings of IEEE, CVPR, 1994.
• B. Moghaddam and A. Pentland, "Face Recognition using View-Based and Modular Eigenspace", Automatic Systems for the Identification and Inspection of Humans, 2277, 1994.
• P. Hall, D. Marshall, and R. Martin, "Merging and Splitting Eigenspace Models," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 9, pp. 1042-1049, 2002.
• A. Yilmaz and M. G?kmen, “Eigenhill vs. eigenface and eigenedge”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp. 181-184, 2001.
• J. Yang, and J. Yang, "From Image Vector to Matrix: A Straightforward Image Projection Technique-IMPCA vs. PCA", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, 2002.
• T. Shakunaga, and K. Shigenari, "Decomposed Eigenface for Face Recognition under Various Lighting Conditions", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 864-871, 2001.
• J. B. Tenenbaum, and W. T. Freeman, "Separating Style and Sontent with Linear Models," Neural Computation, Vol. 12, pp. 1247-1283, 2000.
• W. T. Freeman, and J. B. Tenenbaum, "Learning Bilinear Models for Two-Factor Problems in Vision," Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 554-560, 1997.
• M. Alex, O. Vasilescu, and D. Terzopoulos, "Multilinear Analysis of Image Ensembles: TensorFaces," Proceedings of ECCV, pp. 447-460, 2002.
• H. Kim, D. Kim, and S. Y. Bang, "Face Retrieval Using 1st- and 2nd-Order PCA Mixture Model," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 605-608, 2002.
• D. S. Turaga, and T. Chen, "Face Recognition Using Mixtures of Principal Components," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 101-104, 2002.
• A. Lemieux, and M. Parizeau, "Experiments on Eigenfaces Robustness", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 421-424, 2002.
• C. Chennubhotla, and A. Jepson, "Sparse PCA Extracting Multi-scale Structure from Data", Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 641-647, 2001.
• W. S. Yambor, B. A. Draper, and J. R. Beveridge, "Analyzing PCA-based Face Recognition Algorithm: Eigenvector Selection and Distance Measures",
• R. Gross, J. Yang, and A. Waibel, "Growing Gaussian Mixture Models for Pose Invariant Face Recognition," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1088-1091, 2000.
• C. Ki-Chung, K. S. Cheol, K. S. Ryong, “Face Recognition Using Principal Component Analysis of Gabor Filter Responses”, Proceedings of International Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 53-57, 1999.
• H. Boratschnig, L. Paletta, M. Prantl and Axel Pinz, "Active Object Recognition in Parametric Eigenspace", in: P.H. Lewis and M.S. Nixon (ed), Proc. Brit. Mach. Vision. Conf. pp 629-638, 1998.
• H. M. El-Bakry, M. A. Abo-Elsoud, "Integrating Fourier Descriptors and PCA with Neural Networks for Face Recognition", Seventh National Radio Science Conference, Feb. 2000.
• H. Peng and D. Zhang, "Dual EIgenspace Method for Human Face recognition", IEEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 4, pp.283-284, 1997.
• L. J. Shen and H. C. Fu, "A Principal Component Based BDNN for Face Recognition", International Conference on Neiral Network, Vol. 3, pp. 1368-1372, 1997.
• S. Lee, S. Jung, J. Kwon, and S. Hong, "Face Detection and Recognition Using PCA", Proceedings of the IEEE Region 10 Conference, Vol. 1, pp. 84-87, 1999.
• E. Lizama, D. Waldoestl, and B. Nickolay, "An Eigenfaces-Based Automatic Face Recognition System", IEEE International Conference on Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, Vol. 1, pp. 174-177, 1997.
• A. Z. Kouzani, F. He, and K. Sammut, "MultiResolution Eigenface-Components", Proceedings of IEEE Region 10 Annual Conference. Speech and Image Technologies for Computing and Telecommunications, Vol. 1, pp. 353-356, 1997.
• P. Navarrete and J. Ruiz-del-Solar, "Eigenspace-based Recognition of Faces: Comparisons and A New Approach", Proceeddings of Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 42-47, 2001.

Fisher Face (LDA)

• V. Belhumeur, J. Hespanda, and D. Kiregeman, “Eigenfaces vs. fisherfaces: recognition using class specific linear projection”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 711-720, July 1997.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellapa, and P. Philips, “Subspace linear discriminant analysis for face recognition”, Technical Report CAR-TR-914, 1996.
• T. Cooke, "Two Variations on Fisher's Linear Discriminant for Pattern Recognition", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 268-273, Feb. 2002.
• Aleix M. Martinez, and Avinash C. Kark, “PCA versus LDA”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 228-233, Feb. 2001.
• M. Loog, R.P.W. Duin and R. Haeb-Umbach, "Multiclass Linear Dimension Reduction by Weighted Pairwise Fisher Criteria", IEEE Trans. PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 762-766, July 2001.
• K. Etemad, and R. Chellapa, “Discriminant analysis for recognition of human faces”, Proceedings of International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 2148-2151, 1996.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, and N. Nandhakumar, “Empirical performance analysis of linear discriminant classifiers”, Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 164-169, 1998.
• W. Zhao, R. Chellapa, and A. Krishnaswamy, "Discriminant analysis of principal components for face recognition", Proceedings of Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 336-341, 1998.
• W. Zhao, A. Krishnaswamy, R. Chellappa, D. Swet, and J. Weng, "Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components for Face Recognition", Face Recognition: From Theory to Application, H. Wechsler, P.J. Phillips, V. Bruce, F.F. Soulie, and T.S. Huang, eds., pp. 73-85, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1998.
• D.L. Swets and J. Weng, "Using Discriminant Eigenfeatures for Image Retrieval", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 831-836, 1996.
• R.P.W. Duin,and R. Haeb-Umbach, "Multiclass Linear Dimension Reduction by Weighted Pairwise Fisher Criteria", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp. 762-766, July, 2001.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, “A shape- and texture-based enhanced fisher classifier for face recognition”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 598-608, April, 2001.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, “Gabor Feature Based Classification Using the Enhanced Fisher Linear Discriminant Model for Face Recognition”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 467-476, April, 2002.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, "Gabor Feature Classifier for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICCV, Vol. 2, pp. 270-275, 2001.
• H. Yu and J. Yang, “A direct LDA algorithm for high-dimensional data-with application to face recognition”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp. 2067-2070, 2001.
• L. Chen, H. Liao, M. Ko, J. Liin, and G. Yu, "A New LDA-based Face Recognition System Which can Solve the Samll Sample Size Problem", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33, No. 10, pp. 1713-1726, Oct. 2000.
• C. Liu and H. welchsler, "Enhanced Fisher Linear Discriminant Models for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, Vol. 2, pp. 1368-1372, 1998.
• H. Kim, D. Kim, and S. Y. Bang, "Face Recognition Using LDA Mixture Model", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 486-489, 2002.
• Y. Bing, J. Lianfu, and C. Ping, "A New LDA-based Method for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 168-171, 2002.
• Y. Bing, C. Ping, and J. Lianfu, "Recognizing Faces with Expressions: Within-class Space and Between-class Space", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 139-142, 2002.
• R. Huang, Q. Liu, H. Lu, and S. Ma, "Solving Small Sample Size Problem of LDA", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 29-32, 2002.
• H. Kim, D. Kim, and S. Y. Bang, "Extensions of LDA by PCA Mixture Model and Class-Wise Features," Pattern Recognition, pp. 1095-1105, Vol. 36, 2003.

Bayesian

• B. Moghaddam, "Principal Manifolds and Probabilistic Subspaces for Visual Recognition", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 780-788, June 2002.
• B. Moghaddam, T. Jebara, and A. Pentland, “Bayesian Face Recognition”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33, pp. 1771-1782, 2000.
• B. Moghaddam, and A. Pentland, “Probabilistic Visual Learning for Object Representation”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 775-779, July, 1997.
• B. Moghaddam, C. Nastar, and A. Pentland, "Bayesian Face Recognition with Deformable Image Models", Proceedings of Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 26-35, 2001.
• B. Moghaddam, W. Wahid, and A. Pentland, “Beyond eigenface: probabilistic matching for face recognition”, Proceedings of Int’l Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition (FG’98), pp. 30-35, April, 1998.

Other subspace methods

• Pong C. Yunen, and J.H. Lai, “Face representation using independent component analysis”, Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 1247-1257, 2002.
• T. Kamei, "Face Retrieval by An Adaptive Mahalanobis Distance Using A Confidence Factor," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 153-156, 2002.
• P. Comon, “Independent Component Analysis-A New Concept?”, Signal Processing, Vol. 36, pp. 287-314, 1994.
• M. S. Bartlett, T.J. Sejnowski, “Independent of Face Images: A Representation for Face Recognition”, Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Joint Symposium on Neural Computation, Pasadena, CA, May 17, 1997.
• B. J. Frey, A. Colmenarez, and T. S. Huang, “Mixtures of local linear subspaces for face recognition”, CVPR, 1998.
• D. Swets, J. Weng, “Using discriminant eigenfeatures for image retrieval”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 16, No. 8, pp. 831-836, August, 1996.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, “Evolutionary persuit and its application to face recognition”, IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 6, pp. 570-582, June, 2000.
• M. Yang, N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, “Face recognition using kernel eigenfaces”, Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 37-40, 2000.
• Q. Liu, R. Huang, H. Lu and S. Ma, “Kernel-Based Optimized Feature Vectors Selection and Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition”, Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 362-365, 2002.
• A. Levy, and M. Lindenbaum, “Sequential Karhunen-Loeve basis extraction and its application to images”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 8, pp. 1371-1374, August. 2002.
• A. Levy, and M. Lindenbaum, “Sequential Karhunen-Loeve basis extraction and its application to images”, Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 2, pp. 456-460, 1998.
• K. Okada, C. Malsburg, "Analysis and Synthesis of Human Faces with Pose Variations by a Parametric Piecewise Linear Subspace Method", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 761-768, 2001.
• S. Z. Li, R. Xiao, Z. Li and H. Zhang, "Nonlinear Mapping from Multi-View Face Patterns to a Gaussian Distribution in a Low Dimensional Space", Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, 2001. Proceedings. IEEE ICCV Workshop on , pp. 47-54, 2001.
• S. Z. Li, "Face Recognition Based on Nearest Linear Combinations", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 839-844, 1999.
• K. Lee, J. Ho and D. Kriegman, "Nine Points of Light: Acquiring Subspaces for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting", Proceedings of CVPR, Vol. 1, pp. 519-526, 2001.
• J. Li, S. Zhou, and C. Shekhar, "A Comparison of Subspace Analysis for Face Recognition," Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 121-124, 2003.
  

Kernel

• B. Scholkopf, A. Smola, and K. Muller, "Nonlinear Component Analysis as a Kernel Eigenvalue Problem," Neural Computation, 10:1299-1310, 1998.
• B. Scholkopf, A. Smola, K. Muller, "Kernel Principle Component Analysis," In B. Scholkopf, C. Burges, and A. Smola, editors, Advances in Kernel Methods - Support Vector Learning, pages 327-352. MIT Press, 1999.
• G. Baudat, and F. Anouar, "Generalized Discriminant Analysis Using a Kernel Approach," Neural Computation, 12(10):2385-2404, 2000.
• S. Mika, G. Ratsch, J. Weston, B. Scholkopf, and K. Muller, "Fisher Discriminant Analysis with Kernels," In Y.-H. Hu, J. Larsen, E. Wilson, and S. Douglas, editors, Neural Networks for Signal Processing IX, pages 41--48. IEEE, 1999.
• J. Lu, K. N. Plataniotis, and A. N. Venetsanopoulos, "Face Recognition Using Kernel Direct Discriminant Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 117-126, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 2003.
• M. Yang, N. Ahuja and D. Kriegman, “Face recognition using kernel eigenfaces”, Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 37-40, 2000.
• Q. Liu, R. Huang, H. Lu and S. Ma, “Kernel-Based Optimized Feature Vectors Selection and Discriminant Analysis for Face Recognition”, Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 362-365, 2002.
• K. I. Kim, K. Jung, and H. J. Kim, "Face Recognition Using Kernel Principal Component Analysis," IEEE Signal Processing Letters, pp. 40-42, Vol. 9, No. 2, February, 2002.

• T. V. Gestel, J. Suykens, G. Lanckriet, A. lambrechts, B. D. Moor and J. Vandewalle, "Bayesian Framework for Least Squares Support Vector Machine Classifiers, Gaussian Processes and kernel Fisher Discriminant Analysis," Neural Computation, May 2002.

• J. A. K. Suykens, T. Van Gestel, J. Vandewalle, and B. De Moor, "A Support Vector Machine Formulation to PCA Analysis and its Kernel Version," ESAT-SCD-SISTA, Technical Report 2002-68, 2002.

Independent Component Analysis

• M. S. Bartlett, J. R. Movellan, and T. J. Sejnowski, "Face Recognition by Independent Component Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 1450-1464, Vol. 13, No. 6, Nov. 2002.
• K. Back, B. A. Draper, J. R. Beveridge, and K. She, "PCA vs. ICA: A Comparative on the Feret Data Set"
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• M, S. Bartlett, and T. J. Sejnowski, "Learning Viewpoint Invariant Representations for Faces in an Attractor Network," Presented at the 18th Congnitive Science Society Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 12-15, 1996.
• H. S. Sahambi, and K. Khorasani, "A Neural-Network Appearance -Based 3-D Object Recognition Using Independent Component Analysis," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 138-149, Vol. 14, No. 1, Jan. 2003.
• A. J. Bell, and T. J. Sejnowski, "An Information-maximisation Approach to Blind Separation and Blind Deconvolution," Neural Computation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 1129--1159, 1995.
  
• T. Lee, M. S. Lewicki and T. J. Sejnowski, "ICA Mixture Models for Unsupervised Classification of Non-Gaussian Sources and Automatic Context Stitching in Blind Signal Separation," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 10, pp. 1-12, Oct. 2000.

Mixture Gaussian

• C. Sanderson, "Face Processing & Frontal Face Verification," IDIAP Research Report, 2003.
• M. E. Tipping, "Mixtures of Probabilistic Principle Component Analyers," Neural Computation, vol. 11, pp. 443-482, 1999.
• M. E. Tipping and C. M. Bishop. "Probabilistic principal component analysis," Technical Report Woe-19, Neural Computing Research Group, Aston University, UK, 1997.
• C. M. Bishop, and M. E. Tipping, "A hierarchical Variable Model for Data Visualization," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 281-293, Vol. 20, No. 3,March, 1998.
• G. E. Hinton, P. Dayan, and M. Revow, "Modeling the Manifolds of Images of Handwritten Digits," IEEE Trans. on Neural Networks, pp. 65-74, Vol. 8, No. 1, Jan. 1997.
• G. E. Hintion, M. Revow, and P. Dayan, "Recognizing Handwritten Digits Using Mixtures of Local Models," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7, pp. 1015-1022. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1995.
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Elastic bunch graph matching

• L. Wiskott, J.M. Fellous, N. Kruger and C. von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 19, No.7, pp. 775-779, July, 1997.
• L. Wiskott, J. Fellous, N. Kruger, and C.von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching".
• L. Wiskott, J.M. Fellous, N. Kruger and C. von der Malsburg, "Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching," Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 129-132, 1997.
• A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos, and L. Pitas, "Using Support Vector Machines to Enhance the Perfornance of Elastic Graph Matching for Frontal Face Authentication", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp.735-746, 2001.
• A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos and I. Pitas, "Using Support Vector Machines for Face Authentication Based on Elastic Graph Matching", Proceeding of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 29-32, 2000.
• C. L. Kotropoulos, A. Tefas, and I. Pitas, "Frontal Face Authentication Using Discriminating Grids with Morphological Feature Vectors", IEEE Trans. on MultiMedia, Vol. 2, pp. 14-26, March 2000.
• C. Kotropoulos, A. Tefas, and I. Pitas, "Frontal Face Authentication Using Morphological Elastic Graph Matching", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 555-560, April 2000.
• P. T. Jackway, and M. hamed Deriche, "Scale-Space Properties of the Multiscale Morphological Dilation-Erosion", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 38-51, Jan. 1996.
• M. Lades, J. C. Vorbruggen, J. Buhmann, J. Lange, C. Malsburg, R. P. Wurtz and W. Konen. “Distortion Invariant Object Recognition in the Dynamic Link Architecture”, IEEE Trans. on Computers, Vol 42, No. 3, pp 300-311, 1993.
• J. G. Gaugman, "Complete Discrete 2-D Gabor Transforms by Neural Networks for Image Analysis and Compression", IEEE Trans. on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Vol. 36, No. 7, July 1988.
• B. Duc, S. Fischer, and J. Bigun, "Face Authentication with Gabor Information on Deformable Graphs", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp.504-516, April, 1999.
• N. Kruger, "An Algorithm for the Learning of Weights in Discrimination Functions Using a Priori Constraints", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 764-768, July 1997.
• R. Lee, J. Liu and J. You, "Face Recognition: Elastic Relation Encoding and Structural Matching", Proceedings of International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 2, pp. 172-177, 1999.
• L. Wisckott, "Phantom Faces for Face Analysis", Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 3, pp. 308-311, 1997.
• I. R. Fasel, and M. S. Bartlett, "A Comparison of Gabor Filter Methods for Automatic Detection of Facial Landmarks," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 242-246, 2002.
• W. Konen, and E. S. Kruger, "ZN-Face: A System for access control using automatic face recognition," Proceedings of Int. Workshop on Face and Gusture Recognitino, 1995.

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE)

• S. T. Roweis and L. K. Saul, "Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction by Locally Linear Embedding," Science 290, 2323-2326, 2000.
• L. K. Saul, S. T. Roweis, "An Introduction to Locally Linear Embedding".
• A. Hadid, O. Kouropteva, and M. Pietikainen, "Insupervised Learning Using Locally Linear Embedding: Experiments with Face Pose Analysis," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 111-114, Vol. 1, 2002.
• L. K. Saul and S. T. Roweis, "Think Globally, Fit Locally : Unsupervised Learning of Nonlinear Manifolds," Technical Report MS CIS-02-18, University of Pennsylvania, 2003.
• O. Kouropteva, O. Okun, and M. Pietikainen, "Classification of Handwritten Digits Using Supervised Locally Linear Embedding algorithm and Support Vector Machine,"
• J. B. Tenenbaum, V. D. Silva, and J. C. Langford, "A Global Geometric Framework for Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction," Science, 290(5500):2319--2323, 2000.

Active appearance model

• T. F. Cootes, G. J. Edwards, and C. J. Taylor, "Active Appearance Models," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 681-685, June, 2001.
• T. F. Cootes, and C. J. Taylor, "Constrained Active Appearance Models," Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 748-754, 2001.
• A. Lanitis, C. J. Taylor, and T. F. Cootes, “Automatic Interpretation and Coding of Face Images Using Flexible Models,” IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 743-756, July 1997.
• T. F. Cootes and C. J. Taylor, “Statistical Model of Appearance for Computer Vision,” Technical Report, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U. K., 2001.
• M. B. Stegmann, Active Appearance Models: Theory, Extensions and Cases, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 321, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, 2000.
• M. B. Stegmann, R. Fisker, B. K. Ersb�l, On Properties of Active Shape Models, Informatics and Mathematical Modelling, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Richard Petersens Plads, Building 321, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, 2000.
• N. Costen, T. Cootes, G. Edwards, and C. Taylor, "Simultaneous Extraction of Functional Face Subspaces,"Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 490-497, 1999.
• Y. Yacoob and L. Davis, “Recognizing Facial Expressions by Spatio-Temporal Analysis”, Proc. 12th Int’l Conf. Pattern Recognition, Vol. 1, pp. 747-749. Los Alamitos, Calif.: IEEE CS Press, 1994.
• M. Covell, “Eigen-points: Control-point location using principle component analysis”, In 2nd International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 1997, pp. 122-127, Killington, USA, 1996.
• T. F. Cootes, A. Hill, C. J. Taylor and J. Haslam, "The Use of Active Shape Model for Locating Structures in Medical Images".
• T. F. Cootes, G. Edwards and C. J. Taylor, "A Comparative Evaluation of Active Appearance Model Algorithms", In P. Lewis and M. Nixon, editors, 9 th British Machine Vison Conference, volume 2, pages 680--689, Southampton, UK, Sept. 1998. BMVA Press.
• A. Lantis, C.J. Taylor and T.F. Cootes, "A Unified Approach to Coding and Interpreting Face Images", Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 368-373, 1995.
• T. F. Cootes, C. J. Taylor, D. H. Cooper and J. Graham, "Active Shape Models-Their Training and Application", CVIU, Vol. 61, No. 1, pp. 38-58, Jan. 1995.
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Snake

• M. Kass, A. Wttkin, and D. Terzopoulos, "Sankes: Active Contour Models", International Journal of Computer Vision, pp. 321-331, 1998.

SVM

• A. Tefas, C. Kotropoulos, and L. Pitas, "Using Support Vector Machines to Enhance the Perfornance of Elastic Graph Matching for Frontal Face Authentication", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 7, pp.735-746, 2001.
• Christopher, and J. C. Burges, "A Tutorial on Support Vector Machines for Pattern Recognition".
• Y. Li, S. Gong, amd H. Liddell, "Support Vector Regression and Classification Based Multi-View Face Detection and Recognition", In IEEE Int. Conf. Oo Face & Gesture Recognition, pages 300--305, France, 2000.
• Z. Li, S. Tang, "Face Recognition Using Improved Pairwise Coupling Support Vector Machine,"

Wavelet

• M. J. Lyons, J. Budynek, and S. Akamatsu, "Automatic classification of single facial images", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 1357-1362, 1999.
• K. Ma, and Xioou Tang, "Discrete wavelet face graph matching", Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 2, pp. 217-220, 2001.
• M. J. Lyons, J. Budynek, A. Plante, and S. Akamatsu, "Classifying facial attributes using a 2-D Gabor wavelet representation and discriminant analysis", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 202-207, 2000.
• R. S. Feris, R. M. Cesar, and Jr., "Tracking facial features using Gabor wavelet networks", Proceedings XIII Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing, pp. 22-27, 2000,
• P. Kalocsai, H. Neven, and J. Steffens, "Statistical analysis of Gabor-filter representation", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 360-365, 1998.
• B. Liu, and R. Chellappa, "Gabor attributes tracking for face verification", Proceedings of ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 45-48, 2000.
• C. Liu, and H. Wechsler, "A Gabor feature classifier for face recognition", Proceedings of ICCV, Vol. 2, pp. 270-275, 2001.
• O. Ayinde, and Y. Yang, "Face Recognition Approach Based on Rank Correlation of Gabor-Filtered Images", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 1275-1289, 2002.
• Y. Fang, T. Tan, and Y. Wang, "Fusion of Global and Local Features for Face Verification", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 382-385, 2002.
• B. Gokberk, L. Akarun, and E. Alpaydm, "Feature Selection for Pose Invariant Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, 306-309, 2002.
• H. Wu, Y. Yoshida and T. Shioyama, "Optimal Gabor Filters for High Speed Face Identification", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 107-110, 2002.
• B. Duc, S. Fischer and J. Bigun, "Face Authentication With Sparse Grid Gabor Information", Proceedings of ICASSP, Vol. 4, pp. 3053-3056, 1997.
• R. I. Fasel, M. S. Bartlett, and J. R. Movellan, "A comparison of Gabor filter methods for automatic detection of facial landmarks", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 242-246, 2002.
• V. Kruger, and A. Happe, and G. Sommer, "Affine real-time face tracking using Gabor wavelet networks", Proceedings of ICPR, 2002.
• K. Hotta, T. Mishima, T. Kurita, and S. Umeyama, "Face matching through information theoretical attention points and its applications to face detection and classification", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 34-39, 2000.
• S. Cruz-Llanas, J. Ortega-Garcia, E. Martinez-Torrico, and J. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, "Comparison of feature extraction techniques in automatic face recognition systems for security applications", Proceedings of International Carnahan Conference on Security Technology, pp. 40-46, 2000.
• R. Fazel-Rezai, and W. Kinsner, "Image analysis and reconstruction using complex Gabor wavelets", 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 440-444, 2000.

DCT

• C. Sanderson, K.K. Paliwal, "Fast feature extraction method for robust face verification," Electronics Letters , Volume: 38 Issue: 25 ,5, pp. 1648-1650, Dec 2002.
  
• Y. Nagasaka, A. Yoshikawa, and N. Suzumura, "Discrimination among Individuals Using Orthogonal Transformed Face Image," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Informaiton, Communications and Processing, Sep. 1997.
• Z. Pan, A. G. Rust, and H. Bolouri, "Image Redundancy for Neural Network Classification Using Discrete Cosine Transforms," Neural Networks, 2000. IJCNN 2000, Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on , Volume: 3 , 2000.
  

Edge

• Y. Gao, and M. K.H. Leung, "Face Recognition Using Line Edge Map", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 764-779, June 2002.
• Y. Gao, M. K.H. Leung, "Line Segement Hausdorff Distance on Face Matching", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 361-371, 2002.
• D. P. Huttenlocher, G. A. Klanderman, and W. J. Rucklidge, "Comparing Images Using the Hausdorff Distance", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 850-862, Sep. 1993.
• B. Takacs, "Comparing Face Images Using The Modified Hausdorff Distance", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 31, No. 12, pp. 1873-1881, 1998.
• D. P. Huttemlocher, and W. J. Rucklidge, "A multi-resolution technique for comparing images using the Hausdorff distance", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 705-706, 1993.
• D. P. Huttemlocher, G. A. Klanderman, and W. J. Rucklidge, "Comparing images using the Hausdorff distance under translation", Proceedins of CVPR, pp. 654-656, 1992.
• O. Jesorsky, K. J. Kirchberg, and R. W. Frischholz, "Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance", Audio- and Video-Based Person Authentication - AVBPA 2001.

Optical Flow

• X. Liu, T. Chen, and B.V.K. V. Kumar, "Face Authentication for Multiple Subjects Using Eigenflow," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 313-328, 2003.
• X. Liu, T. Chen, and B.V.K. V. Kumar, "On Modeling Variations for Face Authentication," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 384-389, 2002.
• 
  

Multi-Modalities

• A. Ross, and A. Jain, "Information Fusion in Biometrics," Pattern Recognition Letters, pp. 2115-2125, Vol. 24, 2003.
• U. M. Bubeck, "Multibiometric Authentication-An Overview of Recent Developments," 2003
• L. Hong, A. K. Jain, and S. Pankanti, "Can Multibiometrics Improve Performance?", Proc. of AutoID'99, pp. 59-64, Summit (NJ), USA, Oct. 1999.
• L. Hong and A. K. Jain, "Integrating Faces and Fingerprints for Personal Identification," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 20, No. 12, pp. 1295-1307, 1998.
• L. I. Kuncheva, C. J. Whitaker, C.A. Shipp, and R.P.W. Duin, "Is Independence Good for Combining Classifiers?", Proc. of ICPR, Vol. 2, pp. 168-171, 2001.
• A. K. Jain and A. Ross, "Learning User-Specific Parameters in a Multibiometrics System," Proc. of ICIP, 2002.
• E. S. Bigun, J. Bigun, B. Duc, and S. Fischer, "Expert Conciliation for Multimodal Person Authentication Systems Using Bayesian Statistics," Proc. AVBPA'97, pp. 291-300, March, 1997.
• A. Kumar, D. C. Wong, H. C. Shen, and A. K. Jain, "Personal Verification using Palmprint and Hand Geometry Biometric," Proc. of AVBPA'03.
• P. Verlinde, G. Chollet, "Comparing Decision Fusion paradigms Using k-NN Based Classifiers, Decision Trees and Logistic Regression in Multi-modal Identity Verification Application," Proc. of AVBPA'99, pp. 188-193, 1999.
• R. W. Frischholz, and U. Diechmann, "BioID: A Multimodal Biometric Identification System," IEEE Computer, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 64-68, 2000.
• U. Diechmann, P. Plankensteiner, and T. Wanger, "SESAM: A Biometric Person Identification System Using Sensor Fusion," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 827-833, 1997.
• Y. Wang, T. Tan, and A. K. Jain, "Combining Face and Iris Biometrics for Identity Verification," Proc. of 4th Int'l Conf. on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication (AVBPA), Guildford, UK, June 9-11, 2003.
• S. Prabhakar, and A. K. Jain, "Decision-Level Fusion in Fingerprint Verification," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 35, pp. 861-874, 2002.
• J. Zhou, and D. Zhang, "Face Recognition by Combining Several Algorithms," Proc. of ICPR, pp. 497-500, 2002.
• T. Wark, S. Sridharan, and V. Chandran, "The Use of Temporal Speech and Lip Information for Multi-Modal Speaker Identification via Multi-Stream HMM's," Proc. of ICASSP, Vol. 6, pp. 2389-2392, 2000.
• M. Tistarelli, E. Grosso, "Active Face Recognition with a Hybrid Approach," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 933-946, 1997.
• G. Valentini, F. Masulli, "Ensembles of Learning Machines."
• S. Kumar, J. Ghosh, M. M. Crawford, "Hierarchical Fusion of Multiple Classifier for Hyperspectral Data Analysis," Pattern Analysis & Application, pp. 210-220, 2002.
• T. Kam Ho, "The Random Subspace Method for Constructing Decision Forests," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 20, No. 8, pp. 832-844, August 1998.
• Y. S. Huang, and C. Y. Suen, "A Method of Combining Multiple Experts for the Recognition of Unconstrained Handwritten Numerals," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 90-94, Jan. 1995.
• K. Woods, W. Philip Kegelmeyer Jr., and K. Bowyer, "Combination of Multiple Classifiers Using Local Accuracy Estimates," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 405-410, April, 1997.
• W. P. Kegelmeyer, and K. Bowyer, "Combination of Multiple Classifier Using Local Accuracy Estimates," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 405-410, 1997.
• P. Roli, and G. Giacinto, "Design of Multiple Classifier Systems,"
• G. Giacinto, and F. Roli, "An Approach to the Automatic Design of Multiple Classifier Systems," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 22, pp. 25-33, 2001.
• L. I. Kuncheva, "Switching Between Selection and Fusion in Combining Classifiers: An Experiment," IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B, Vol. 32, No. 2, April, 2002.
• X. Jing, D. Zhang, and J. Yang, "Face Recognition Based on A Group Decision-Making Combination Approach," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 1675-1678, 2003.
• L. Xu, A. Krzyzak, C. Y. Suen, "Method of Combining Multiple Classifiers and Their Applications to Handwriting Recognition," IEEE Trans. on System, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 22, No. 3, 418-435, 1992.
• T. Kam Ho, J. Hull, S. Srihari, "Decision Combination in Multiple Classifier Systems," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 16, No.1, pp. 66-75, Jan. 1994.
• R. Brunelli, and D. Falavigna, "Person Identification Using Multiple Cues," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 17, No. 10, pp. 955-966, 1995.
• X. Lu, A. Jain, "Resampling for Face Recognition," Proc. of AVBPA, 2003.
• J. Kittler, J. Matas, K. Jonsson, M. Sanchez, "Combining Evidence in Personal Identity Verification Systems," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 845-852, 1997.
• S. B. Yacoub, Y. Abdeljaoud, and E. Mayoraz, "Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification," IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, pp. 1065-1074, Vol. 10, No. 5, September 1999.
• S. Ben-Yacoub, Y. Abdeljaoued, and E. Mayoraz, "Fusion of Face and Speech Data for Person Identity Verification," IDIAP-RR 99-03, 1999.
• J. Kitter, M. Hatef, R. P. Duin, and J. Matas, "On Combining Classifiers," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 226-239, Vol. 20, No. 3, March, 1998.
• L. I. Kuncheva, J. C. Bezdek, and R. P.W. Duin, "Decision Templates for Multiple Classifier Fusion: An Experimental Comparison," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 34, pp. 299-314, 2001.
• T. Hothorn, B. Lausen, "Double-Bagging: Combining Classifiers by Boostrap Aggregration," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 1303-1309, 2003.
• B. Duc, E. S. Bigun, J. Bigun, G. Maitre, and S. Fischer, "Fusion of audio and Video Information for Multi Modal Person Authentication," Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 18, pp. 835-843, 1997.
• D. Genoud, G. Gravier, F. Bimbot, and G. Chollet, "Combining Methods to Improve Speaker Verification Decision," IDIAP Research Report, 1996.
• J. Yang, J. Yang, D. Zhang, and J. Lu, "Feature Fusion: Parallel Strategy vs. Serial Strategy," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 1369-1381, 2003.
• L. Breiman, "Bagging Predictors," Technical Report, No. 421, Sep. 1994.
• L.I. Kuncheva, F. Roli, G.L. Marcialis, and C. A. Shipp, "Complexity of Data Subsets Generated by the Random Subspace Method: An Experimental Investigation," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001.
• F. Roli, G. Giacinto, and G. Vernazza, "Methods for Designing Multiple Classifier Systems," Proc. of the Second International Conference on Multiple Classifier Systems, 2001.
• G. Giacinto, and F. Roli, "Dynamic Classifier Selection," Proc. of the First International Conference on Multiple Classifier Systems, 2000.
• J. Kittler, "A Framework for Classifier Fusion: Is it Still Needed?", 2000.
• T. Kam Ho, "Data Complexity Analysis for Classifier Combination," Proc. of the Second International Conference on Multiple Classifier System, 2001.
• M. Skurichina, L. I. Kuncheva, and R.P.W. Duin, "Bagging and Boosting for the Nearest Mean Classifier: Effects of Sample Size on Diversity and Accuracy," Proc. of the Third International Conference on Multiple Classifier System, 2002.
• M. Skurichina, L. I. Kuncheva, and R.P.W. Duin, "Bagging, Boosting, and the Random Subspace Method for Linear Classifier," Pattern Analysis and Applications, 2002.
• D. Partridge, and W. B. Yates, "Engineering Multiversion Neural-Net Systems," Neural Computation Vol. 8, pp. 869-893, 1996.

Pairwise

• T. Hastie, and R. Tibshirani, "Classification by Pairwise Coupling," Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 1998.
• M. Moreira, E. Mayoraz, "Improved Pairwise Coupling Classification with Correcting Classifiers," IDIAP Research Report, European Conference on Machine Learning, Ocr. 1997.
• T. G. Dietterich, "Solving Multiclass Learning Problems vis Error-Correcting Output Codes," Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 2 (1995), pp. 263-286.
• F. Masulli, nad G. Valentini, "Evaluating Dependence among Output Errors in EOOC Learning Machines," D.I.S.I. Technical Report DISI-TR-01-05.

Random Subspace

• M. Skurichina, and R. P. W. Duin, "Bagging, Boosting and the Random Subspace Method for Linear Classifiers," Pattern Analysis & applications, pp. 121-135, 2002.
• M. Skurichina, and R. P.W. Duin, "Bagging and the Random Subspace Method for Redundant Feature Space," Second International Workshop, MCS 2001 Cambridge, UK, July 2-4, 2001, Proceedings.
• T. Kam Ho, "Nearest Neighbour in Random Subspace," Intelligent Data Analysis, 3, pp. 191-209, 1999.
• L. I. Kuncheva, F. Roli, G.L. Marialis, and C. A. Shipp, "Complexity of Data Subsets Generated by the Random Subspace Method: An Experimental Investigation," Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2001.
• L. I. Kuncheva, "Feature Subsets for Classifier Combination: An Enumerative Experiment," Second International Workshop, MCS 2001 Cambridge, UK, July 2-4, 2001, Proceedings, 2001.
  

Illuminations

• R. Ramamoorthi, "Analytic PCA Construction for Theoretical Analysis of Lighting Variability in Images of a Lambertian Object," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 10, Oct. pp. 1322-1333, 2002.
• A. Shanshua, and T. Riklin-Raviv, "The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-Rendering and Recognition with Varying Illuminations", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, 2001.
• A. S. Georghiades, P. N. Belhumeur, and D. J. Kriegman, "From Few to Many: Illumination Cone Models for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting and Pose", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 6, pp. 643-660, June 2001.
• Q. Zheng and R. Chellapa, "Estimation of Illuminant Direction, Albedo, and Shape from Shading", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 13, No. 7, pp. 680-702, July 1991.
• H. F. Chen, P. N. Belhumeur, and D. W. Jacobs, "In Search of Illumination Invariants".
• P. N. Belhumeur, and D. J. Kriegman, "What is the Set of Images of an Object Under All Possible Lighting Conditions?", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 270-277, 1996.
• A. S. Georghiades, P. N. Belhumeur, and D. J. Kriegman, "Illumination-Based Image Synthesis: Creating Novel Images of Human Faces Under Differing Pose and Lighting", Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Multi-View Modeling and Analysis of Visual Scenes, pp. 47-54, 1999.
• A. Yuile and D. Snow, "Shape and Albedo from Multiple Images Using Integrability", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 158-164, 1997.
• P. N. Belhumeur, D. J. Kriegman, A. L. Yuille, "The Bas-Relief Ambiguity", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 1060-1066, 1997.
• D. W. Jacobs, P. N. Belhumeur, and Ronen Basri, "Comparing Images Under Variable Illumination", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 610-617,
• Y. Adini, Y. Moses and S. Ullman, "Face Recognition: the Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 721-732, July 1997.
• Y. Adini, Y. Moses and S. Ullman, "Face Recognition: the Problem of Compensating for Changes in Illumination Direction".
• J. J. Atick, P. A. Griffin, and A. N. Redlich, "Statistical Approach to Shape from Shading: Reconstruction of 3D Face Surfaces From Single Images".
• R. Basri, and D. Jacobs, "Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces", Tech. Rep..
• W. Zhao, R. Chellappa, "Robust Face Recognition Using Symmentric Shape-from-Shading".
• W. Zhao, and R. Chellappa, "SFS Based View Synthesis for Robust Face Recognition", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 285-292, 2000.
• W. Zhao, and R. Chellappa, "Illumination-Insensitive Face Recognition Using Symmetric Shape-from-Shading", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. Vol. 1, 286-293, 2000.
• M. Bichsel, "Illumination Invariant Object Recognition", Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 620-623, 1995.
• S. K.Nayar, and H. Murase, "Dimensionality of Illumination Manifolds in Eigenspace," Technical Reprot CUCS-021-94, 1994.

Expression

• B. Fasel, J. Luettin, "Automatic Facial Expression Analysis: A Survey," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 259-275, 2003.
• Y. Tian, T. Kanade, and J. F. Cohn, "Recognizing Action Units for Facial Expression Analysis", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 97-115, Feb. 2001.
• Y. Liu, K.L. Schmidt, J.F. Cohn, and R.L. Weaver, "Facial Asymmetry Quantification for Expression Invariant Human Identification," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 208-214, 2002.

Pose

• K. Okada, and C. von der Malsburg, "Pose-Invariant Face Recognition with Parametric Linear Subspaces," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 71-76, 2002.
• K. Okada, S. Akamatsu, and C. von der Malsburg, "Analysis and Synthesis of Pose Variations of Human Faces by a Linear PCMAP Model and its Application for Pose-Invariant Face Recognition System," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gasture Recognition, pp. 142-149, 2000.
• S. Z. Li, X. Peng, X. Hou, H. Zhang, and Q. Cheng, "Multi-View Face Pose Estimation Based on Supervised ISA Learning," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 107-121, 2002.
• R. Gross, I. Matthews, and S. Baker, "Eigen Light-Fields and Face Recognition Across Pose", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 3-9, 2002.
• B. Gokberk, L. Akarun, and E. Alpaydm, "Feature Selection for Pose Invariant Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, 306-309, 2002.
• V. Blanz, S. Romdhani, and T. Vetter, "Face Identification across Different Poses and Illuminations with a 3D Morphable Model," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 202-207, 2002.
• S. Gutta, V. Philomin, and M. Trajkovic, "An Investigation into the use of Partial-Faces for Face Recognition," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 33-38, 2002.
• Y. Chang, and Y. Chen, "Textured Polygonal Model Assisted Facial Model Estimation from Image Sequence," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 106-109, 2001.
• P. Yao, and G. Evans, and A. Calway, "Using Affine Correspondence to Estimate 3-D Facial Pose," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 919-922, 2001.
• S. Z. Li, Q. Fu, L. Gu, B. Scholkopf, Y. Cheng, and H. Zhang, "Kernel Machine Based Learning for Multi-View Face Detection and Pose Estimation," Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 674-679, 2001.
• F. Wallhoff, S. Muller, and G. Rigoll, "Hybrid Face Recognition Systems for Profile Views Using the Mugshot Database," Proceedings of IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recognition, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 149-156, 2001.
• F. Wallhoff, S. Muller, and G. Rigoll, "Recognition of Face Profiles from the Mugshot Database Using A Hybrid Connectionist/HMM Approach," Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 1489-1492, 2001.
• W. Zhao, and R. Chellappa, "SFS Based View Synthesis for Robust Face Recognition," In 4th IEEE Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Grenoble, France, pp. 285 --292, 2000.
  
• R. Gross, J. Yang, and A. Waibel, "Growing Gaussian Mixture Models for Pose Invariant ProceeFace Recognition," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1088-1091, 2000.
• Y. Gao, M.K.H. Leung, W. Wang and S.C. Hui, "Fast Face Identification under Varying Pose from A Single 2-D Model View," IEE Proceedings of Vision, Image, and Signal Processing, Vol. 148, No. 4, pp. 248-253, Aug. 2001.
• M. C. Lincoln, and A. F. Clark, "Towards Pose-Independent Face Recognition," IEE Colloquium on Visual Biometrics, pp. 1-5, 2000.
• G. J. Edwards, C. J. Taylor, and T. F. Cootes, "Improving Identification Performance by Integrating Evidence from Sequences," Proceedings of CVPR, 1999.
• D. B. Graham, and N. M. Allison, "Norm2-Based Face Recognition," IEEE, 1999.
• A. Talukder, and D. Casasent, "Pose-Invariant Recognition of Faces at Unknown Aspect Views," Proceedings of International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Vol. 5, 3286-3290, 1999.
• M. W. Lee and S. Ranganath, "3D Deformable Face Model for Pose Determination and Face Synthesis," Proceedings of Image Analysis, pp. 260-265, 1999.
• D. B. Graham, and N. M. Allinson, "Face Recognition from Unfamiliar Views: Subspace Methods and Pose Dependency," Proceedings of Inernational Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 348-353, 1998.
• Z. Biuk, and S. Loncaric, "Face Recognition from Multi-Pose Image Sequence," Proceedings of Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, pp. 319-324. 2001.
• S. Duvdevani-Bar, S. Edelman, A. J. Howell, and H. Buxton, "A Similarity-Based Method for the Generalization of Face Recognition over Pose and Expressioin," Proceeding of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 118-123, 1998.
• K. Hattori, S. Matsumori, and Y. Sato, "Estimating Pose of Human Face Based on Symmetry Plane Using Range and Intensity Images," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1183-1187, 1998.
• Y. Li, S. Gong, and H. Liddell, "Modelling Faces Dynamically Across Views and Over Time," Proceedings of ICCV, pp. 554-559, 2001.
• S. Romdhani, S. Gong, and A. Psarrou, "A Generic Face Appearance Model of Shape and Texture Under Very Large Pose Variations from Profile to Profile Views," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1060-1063, 2000.
• S. Gong, S. McKenna, and J. J. Collins, "An Investigation into Face Pose Distributions," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp.265-270, 1996.
• E. Lange and K. Kyuma, "Real-time Facial Pose Estimation Using Eigenspace Analysis in a Low-Dimensional Projection-Domain Image Representation," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp. 330-335, 1999.

3D Face

• Yingjie Wang; Chin-Seng Chua; Yeong-Khing Ho; Ying Ren, "Integrated 2D and 3D images for face recognition", Proceedings of International Conference on Image Analysis and Processing, pp. 48-53, 2001.
• I. Weiss, and M. Ray, "Model-Based Recognition of 3D Objects From Single Images", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 116-128, Feb. 2001.
• D. Nandy, and J. Ben-Arie, "Recovery of 3-D Face structure Using Recognition," Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 1104-1108, 2000.
• G. Wei, and G. Hirzinger, "Parametric Shape-from-Shading by Radial Basis Functions", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 353-365, April 1997.

Face Age

• A. Lanitis, C. J. Taylor, and T. F. Cootes, "Toward Automatic Simulation of Aging Effects on Face Images", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 4,pp. 442-455, April, 2002.

Gender

• K. B. Loria, and V. Atalay, "PCA for Gender Estimation: Which Eigenvectors Contribute?", Proceedings of ICPR, 2002.

Face Recognition From Video

• Y. Li, S. Gong, and H. Liddell, "Video-Based Online Face Recognition Using Identity Surfaces," Proceedings of IEEE ICCV Workshop on Recogntion, Analysis, and Tracking of Faces and Gestures in Real-Time Systems, pp. 40-46, 2001
• V. Kruger, Z. Shaohua, "Exemplar-based face recognition from video", Proceedings of IEEE, Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 182-187, 2002.
• Z. Shaohua, V. Krueger, and R. Chellappa, "Face recognition from video: a CONDENSATION approach", Proceedings of IEEE, Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 221-226, 2002.
• B. Raytchev, and H. Murase, "Unsupervised face recognition from image sequences", Proceedings of IEEE, ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 1042-1045, 2001.
• L. Chen, H. Liao and J. Lin, "Person identification using facial motion", Proceedings of IEEE, ICIP, Vol. 1, pp. 677-680, 2001.
• H.Wechsler, V. Kakkad, J. Huang, S. Gutta, and V. Chen, "Automatic video based person authentication using the rbf network", Proceedings of International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 85-92, 1997.
• S. McKenna and S. Gong. Non-intrusive person authentication for access control by visual tracking and face recognition. In Proc. IAPR International Conference on Audio-Video Based Biometric Person Authentication, pp. 177-184, Crans-Montana, Switzerland, March 1997.
• A. Howell, and H. Buxton, "Towards unconstrained face recognition from image sequences", Proceedings of British Machine Vision Conference, pp. 455-464, 1996.
• S. Nakamura, "Statistical Multimodal Integration for Audio-Visual Speech Processing," IEEE Transaction on Neural Networks, Vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 854-866, July 2002.
• S. Satoh, and N. Katayama, "An Efficient Implementation and Evaluation of Robust Face Sequence Matching," Proceedings of Image Analysis, pp. 266-271, 1999.

Face detection

• D. Maio, and D. Maltoni, "Real-Time Face Location on Gray-Scale Static Images", Pattern Recognition, Vol. 33, pp. 1525-1539, 2000.
• R. Feraud, O. J. Bernier, J. Viallet and M. Collobert, "A Fast and Accurate Face Detector Based on Neural Networks", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp.42-53, Jan. 2001.
• A. Mohan, C. Papageorgiou, and T. Poggio, "Example-Based Object Detection in Images by Components", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 4, pp. 349 -361, April 2001.
• K. Sung and T. Poggio, "Example-Based Learning for View-Based Human Face Detection", Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 39-51, Jan. 1998.
• J. Terrillon, M. N. shirazi, H. Fukamachi, and S. Akamatsu, "Comparative Performance of Different Skin Chrominance Modelsand Chrominance Spaces for the Automatic Detection of Human Faces in Color Images",Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 54-61, 2000.
• T. Yoo, and I. Oh, "A Fast Algorithm for Tracking Human Faces Based on Chromatic Histograms", Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 20, pp. 967-978, 1999.
• J. Wang, E. Sung, "Frontal-View Face Detection and Facial Feature Extraction Using Color and Morphological Operations", Pattern Recogntion Letters, Vol. 20, pp. 1053-1068, 1999.
• Q. B. Sun, W. M. Huang, and J. K. Wu, "Face Detection Based on Color and Local Symmetry Information", Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 130-135, 1998.
• D. Roth, M. Yang and N. Ahuja, "A SNoW-Based Face Detector", In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 12 (NIPS 12), Cambridge, MA, 2000. MIT Press.
• C. Nastar, B. Moghaddam, and A. Pentland, "Generalized Image Matching: Statistical Learning of Physically-Based Deformations", In Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV'96), Cambridge, UK, April 1996.
• B. Scassellati, "Eye Finding via Face Detection for a Foveated, Active Vision System", In Proceedings of the Fifteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Madison, WI, July 1998.
• O. Jesorsky, K. J. Kirchberg, and R. W. Frischholz, "Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance", Audio- and Video-Based Person Authentication - AVBPA 2001.
• Y. Li, S. Gong, amd H. Liddell, "Support Vector Regression and Classification Based Multi-View Face Detection and Recognition", In IEEE Int. Conf. Oo Face & Gesture Recognition, pages 300--305, France, 2000.
• Andrew and W. Senoir, "Face and Feature Finding for a Face Recognition System", In Second International Conference on Audio- and Video-based Biometric Person Authentication, March 1999.
• S. Spors, and R. Rabenstein, "A real-time face tracker for color video", Proceedings of ICASSP, Vol. 3, pp. 1493-1496, 2001.
• J. Yang, and A. Waibel, "A Real-Time Face Tracker", Proceedings 3rd IEEE Workshop on , pp. 142-147, 1996.
• A. Jacquin, and A. Eleftheriadis, "Automatic Location Tracking of Faces and Facial Features in Video Sequences", Proc. IWAFGR95, June 1995.

Sketch

• R.G. Uhl and N.d.V. Lobo, "A Framework for Recognizing a Facial Image from A Police Sketch," Proceedings, IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 586-593, 1996.
• "Example-Based Automatic Portraiture".
• H. Chen, Y. Q. Xu, H. Y. Shum, S. C. Zhu, and N. N. Zhen, "Example-based Facial Sketch Generation with Non-Parametric Sampling", Proc. Int'l Conference on Computer Vision, Vancouver, Canada, July 2001.
• W. T. Freeman, J. B. Tenenbaum, and E. Pasztor. “An Example based approach to style translation for line drawings,” Technical Report 11, MERL Technical Report, Cambridge, MA, Feb. 1999.
• H. Koshimizu, M. Tominaga, T. Fujiwara, and K. Murakami. “On Kansei Facial Processing for Computerized Facial Caricaturing System PICASSO,” IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 6, pp. 294-299, 1999.
• Y. Li and H. Kobatake, “Extraction of Facial Sketch Based on Morphological Processing,” IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Vol. 3, pp. 316-319, 1997.
• S. Iwashita, Y. Takeda, and T. Onisawa, “Expressive Facial Caricature Drawing”, IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1597-1602, 1999.
• W. Konen, "Comparing Facial Line Drawings with Gray-Level Images: A Case Study on PHANTOMAS," Proceedings, International Conference on Artifical Neural Networks, pp. 727-734, 1996.
• W. Konen, and E. S. Kruger, "ZN-Face: A System for access control using automatic face recognition," Proceedings of Int. Workshop on Face and Gusture Recognitino, 1995.
• 
  

Image synthesis and analysis

• B. Hwang, and S. Lee, "Reconstruction of Partially Damaged Face Images Based on a Morphable Face Model," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, pp. 365-372, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 2003.
• B. Tiddeman, M. Burt, and D. Perrett, "Prototyping and Transforming Facial Textures for Perception Research", IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Vol. 21, pp. 42-50, July-Aug, 2001.
• T. Vetter and T. Poggio, "Linear Object Classes and Image Synthesis From a Single Example Image", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, July 1997.
• S. Ullman, and R. Basri, "Recognition by Linear Combinations of Models", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 13, No. 10, Oct. 1991.
• M. J. Jones and T. Poggio, "Model-Based Matching by Linear Combinations of Prototypes", AI Memo 1583, AI Laboratory, MIT, 1996.
• 
  
• T. Ezzat and T. Poggio, "Facial Analysis and Synthesis Using Image-Based Models", Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 116-121, Oct. 1996.
• T. Vetter, "Learning Novel Views to a Single Face Image," Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 22-27, 1996.
• D. Beynner and T. Poggio, "Face Recognition From One Example View", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 500-507, 1995.
• D. Beymer, A. Shashua, and T. Poggio, "Example Based Analysis and Synthesis", A. I. Memo No. 1,431, Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT, 1993.
• T. Poggio amd R. Nrunelli, "A Novel Approach to Graphics", AI Memo 1354, C.B.I.P Paper 71, MIT, 1992.
• B. Hwang, and S. Lee, "Face Reconstruction with a Morphable Face Model", IEEE, 2002.
• V. Blanz, and T. Vetter, "Morphable Model for the synthesis of 3d faces", In SIGGRAPH99, pages 187--194, 1999.
• Y. Saito, Y. Kenmochi, and K. Kotani, "Estimation of Eyeglassless Facial Images Using Principal Component Analysis", Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 197-201, Oct. 1999.
• 
  

Hallucination Face

• C. Liu, H. Shum, and C. Zhang, " A two-step approach to hallucinating faces: global parametric model and local nonparametric model", Proceedings of CVPR, pp. 192-198, 2001.
• S. Baker, and T. Kanade, "Hallucinating faces", Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 2000. Proceedings. Fourth IEEE International Conference on , 2000.
• S. Baker, and T. Kanade, "Hallucinating Face", Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-99-32, Robotics Inst. Carnege Mellon Univ., 1999.
• S. Baker, and T. Kanade, "Super-Resolution Optical Flow", Technical Report CMU-RI-TR-99-36, Robotics Inst. Carnege Mellon Univ., 1999.
• S. Baker, and T. Kanade, "Limits on Super-Resolution and How to Break Them", Proceedings of IEEE, CVPR, 2000.
• B. K. Gunturk, A. U. Batur, Y. Altunbasak, M. H. Hayes, and R. M. Mersereau, "Eigenface-Based Super-Resolution for Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICIP, 2002.
• B. K. Gunturk, A. U. Batur, Y. Altunbasak, M. H. Hayes, and R. M. Mersereau, "Eigenface-Based Super-Resolution for Face Recognition", IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, pp. 597-606, Vol. 12, No. 5, May 2003.
  

Image Warpping and Morphing

• F. L. Bookstein, "Principal Warps: Thin-Plate Splines and the Decomposition of Deformations", Vol. 11, No. 6, pp. 567-585, June 1989.

Psychology

• T. Montoute and G. Tiberghien, "Unconscious Familiarity and Local Context Effects on Low-Level Face Processing: A Reconstruction Hypothesis",
• G. Pike, R. Kemp, and N. Brace, "The Psychology of Human Face Recognition".
• A. M. Burton, P. Miller, V. Bruce, P.J.B. Hancock, and Z. Henderson, "Human and Automatic Face Recognition: A Comparison Across Image Formats", Vision Research, Vol. 41, pp. 3185-3195, 2001.

Others

• A. K. Jain, R. P.W. Duin, and J. Mao, "Statistical Pattern Recognition: A Review", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 1, Jan. 2000.
• N. Giusti, F. Masulli, and A. Sperduti, "Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of a Two-Stage System for Classification," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 7, pp. 893-904, July 2002.
• R. Cappelli, D. Maio, and D. Maltoni, "Multispace KL for Pattern Representation and Classification", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 9, Sept. 2001.
• K. Chang and J. Ghosh, "A Unified Model for Probabilistic Principal Surfaces", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 22-41, Jan. 2001.
• W. Hwang, J. Weng, "Hierarchical Discriminant Regression", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 1277-1293, Nov. 2000.
• A. M. Martinez, "Recognizing Imprecisely Localized, Partially Occluded, and Expression Variant Faces from A Single Sample per Class," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 6, June 2002.
• D. J. Marchette, and C. E. Priebe, "Characterizing the Scale Dimension of High-Dimensional Classification Problem," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 36, pp. 45-60, 2003.
• D. Freedman, "Efficient Simplicial Reconstructions of Manifolds from Their Samples," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 10, pp. 1349-1357, Oct. 2002.
• R. T. Whitaker, and J. Gregor, "A Maximum-Likehood Surface Estimator for Dense Range Data," IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 24, No. 10, pp. 1372-1387, Oct. 2002.
• B. Raytchev, and H. Murase, "Unsupervised Face Recognition by Associative Chaining," Pattern Recognition, Vol. 26, pp. 245-257, 2003.
• J. Lu, and K.N. Plataniotis, "Boosting Face Recognition on A Large-Scale Database," Proceedings of ICIP, pp. 109-112, 2002.
• D. L. Swets and J. Weng, “Discriminant Analysis and Eigenspace Partition Tree for Face and Object Recognition from Views”, Proceedings of International Conference on Automatic Face Gesture Recognition, pp. 192-197, 1996.
• X. Jia, and M. S. Nixon, "Extending the Feature Vector for Automatic Face Recognition", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 17, No. 12, pp. 1167-1175, Dec. 1995.
• O. D. Vel, and S. Aeberhard, "Line-Based Face Recognition Under Varying Pose", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 21, No. 10, pp. 1087-1088, Oct. 1999.
• K. Lam, and H. Yan, "An Analytic-to-Holistic Approach for Face Recognition Based on a Single Frontal View", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 20, No. 7, pp.673-686, 1998.
• J. Ben-Arie, and D. Nandy, "A Volumetric/Iconic Frequency Domain Representation for Objects With Application for Pose Invariant Face Recognition", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 449-457, May 1998.
• N. Kruger, "An Algorithm for the Learning of Weights in Discrimination Functions Using a Priori Constraints", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, Vol. 19, No. 7, pp. 764-768, July 1997.
• M. Bichsel, and A. Pentland, “Human face recognition and the face image set’s topology”, CVGIP: Image Understanding, Vol. 59, pp. 254-261, 1994.
• L. H. Staib, and J. S. Duncan, "Boundary Finding with Parameterically Deformable Models", IEEE Trans. on PAMI, vol. 14, No. 11, pp. 1061-1075, Nov. 1992.
• E. Demir, L. Akarun, and E. Alpaydin, "Two-Stage Approach for Pose Invariant Face Recognition", Proceedings of ICASSP, Vol. 4, pp. 2342-2344, 2000.
• D. A. Socolinsky, and A. Selinger, "A Comparative Analysis of Face Recogntion Performance with Visible and Thermal Infrared Imagery", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 217-222, 2002.
• X. Liu, and A. Srivastava, "A Spectral Representation for Appearance-Based Classification and Recognition", Proceedings of ICPR, pp. 37-40, 2002.
• S. Singh, M. Singh, and M. Markou, "Feature Selection for Face Recognition Based on Data Partitioning", Proceedings of ICPR, 2002.
• T. Sim, S. Baker, and M. Bsat, "The CMU Pose, Illumination, and Expression (PIE) Database," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, pp. 46-51, 2002.
• A. S. Tolba, and A. N. Abu-Rezq, "Combined Classifiers for Invariant Face Recognition," IEEE, 1999.
• N. Thian, S. Marcel, and S. Bengio, "Improving Face Authentication Using Virtual Samples," Proceedings of ICASSP, pp. 233-236, 2003.

 

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